Coordinated control of phase shifting transformers in the power system
Main Article Content
Abstract
In response to the growing problem of unscheduled flows, more and more transmission system operators in Europe provide their systems with phase shifting transformers (PST). However, the operations of several PSTs deployed close to each other must be coordinated for them to be effective and to avoid their harmful interactions. Coordination of a group of such devices leads to a problem of multidimensional optimisation. This paper presents a method of optimal PST setting based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. As an optimisation criterion the minimization of unscheduled flow through the given system has been applied. The impact of the number of particles in the swarm and their maximum permissible velocity on the optimisation algorithm’s efficiency was analysed. Results are presented for a 118-node test grid.
Article Details
References
H. Majchrzak, K. Purchała, “Przepływy nieplanowe i ich wpływ na bezpieczeństwo pracy systemu elektroenergetycznego” [Unplanned power flows and their impact on power system security], Elektroenergetyka – Współczesność i Rozwój, No. 3–4, 2012, pp. 8–15.
“Position of ČEPS, MAVIR, PSE Operator and SEPS regarding the issue of Bidding Zones Definition” [online], http://www.pse.pl/uploads/pliki/Position_of_CEPS_MAVIR_PSEO_SEPS-Bidding_Zones_Definition.pdf [access: February 2017].
“Joint study by ČEPS, MAVIR, PSE Operator and SEPS, Unplanned flows in the CEE region in relation to the common market area Germany-Austria” [online], http://www.pse.pl/uploads/pliki/Unplanned_flows_in_the_CEE_region.pdf [access: February 2017].
S. Bieroński, R. Korab, R. Owczarek, “Wpływ regulacji przesuwników fazowych instalowanych w rejonie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej na transgraniczne przepływy mocy” [Regulation effect of phase shifting transformers installed in the CEE region on cross-border power flows], Kwartalnik Elektryka, Vol. 2, 2015, pp. 7–22.
R. Korab, R. Owczarek, “Application of phase shifting transformers in the tie-lines of interconnected power systems”, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, No. 8, 2015, pp. 166–170.
R. Korab, R. Owczarek, “Impact of phase shifting transformers on cross-border power flows in the Central and Eastern Europe region”, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Vol. 64, No. 1, 2016, pp. 127–133.
A. Oudalov, R. Cherkaoui, A.J. Germond, M. Emery, “Coordinated power flow control by multiple FACTS devices”, Power Tech Conference, Bologna, Italy, 23–26 June 2003.
B. Marinescu, J.M. Coulondre, “A coordinated phase shifting control and remuneration method for a zonal congestion management scheme“, Power Systems Conference and Exposition, New York, USA, 10–13 Oct. 2004.
A. Marinakis, M. Glavic, T. Van Cutsem, “Control of phase shifting transformers by multiple transmission system operators“, Power Tech Conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1–5 July 2007, pp. 119–124.
A. Marinakis, M. Glavic, T. Van Cutsem, “Minimal Reduction of Unscheduled Flows for Security Restoration: Application to Phase Shifter Control”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2010, pp. 506–515.
J. Verboomen, “Optimisation of transmission systems by use of phase shifting transformers“, PhD Thesis, Technische Universiteit Delft 2008.
U. Häger et al., “Multi-Agent System for Coordinated Control of Facts Devices”, International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems, Curitiba, Brazil, 8–12 Nov. 2009, pp. 1–6.
J. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart, “Particle Swarm Optimisation“, International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia 1995, pp. 1942–1948.
M. Szczepanik, T. Burczyński, “Swarm optimisation of stiffeners locations in 2-D structures“, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, Vol. 60, No. 2, 2012, pp. 241–246.
Y. Shi, R.C. Eberhart, “A modified particle swarm optimizer”, International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Anchorage, Alaska, 4–9 May 1998, pp. 69–73.
R.C. Eberhart, Y. Shi, “Particle swarm optimisation: developments, applications and resources”, Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Seoul, Korea, 27–30 May 2001, pp. 81–86.
J. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart, “Swarm Intelligence”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco 2001.
“Power Systems and Evolutionary Algorithms” [online], http://www.al-roomi.org/power-flow/118-bus-system [access: February 2017].
R.D. Zimmerman, C.E. Murillo-Sánchez, R.J. Thomas, “MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2011, pp. 12–19.
M. Szczepanik, “Algorytmy rojowe w optymalizacji układów mechanicznych” [Swarm algorithms in optimisation of mechanical structures], Monograph, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 2013.
R.C. Eberhart, Y. Shi, “Comparing inertia weights and construction factors in particle swarm optimisation”, Congress on Evolutionary Computation, San Diego, USA, July 2000, pp. 84–88.